Indonesia’s educational landscape is undergoing digital transformation. The Ministry of Education and Culture (MoEC) set a target that will use digital learning resources by 2025 (MoEC, 2022). While e‑textbooks have become common, their static nature limits interactivity. Video‑based books (V‑Books) combine the narrative structure of a textbook with short, multimedia‑rich videos that can convey concepts more vividly than text alone (Mayer, 2019).
Setiap kali selesai, ia menekan tombol di smartphone, memeriksa kembali. Ada satu klip yang blur karena getaran; ia menandai “fix needed” dan memutuskan mengulang pada hari berikutnya. video+bokeb+anak+smp+tested+fixed
: Footage of a school cafeteria line, a price tag on a new video‑game, and a piggy‑bank that’s just a hollow shell. 2022). While e‑textbooks have become common